Disciplina ed evoluzione della vigilanza fra mercato del lavoro regolamentato e sommerso

The first chapter analyzes the relationship between the labor market and undeclared work, highlighting the principal problems concerning access to development factors. We present the models of the German and Danish labor market which inspired the Fornero reform, in particular, it shows the impact of the austerity measures and the consequent strategies in the short and long term. We define black work through an analysis of the measurement methods and present the latest parliamentary investigations on illegal employment, illegal hiring and white deaths. We describe the causes and effects of undeclared work, highlighting the economic cost and the perception of the phenomenon, and the legal nature of the offense. We investigate on the identity of illegal workers, analyzing risk groups: unemployed young people, temporary workers, illegal immigrants and women. We explore the areas and locations where informal work is more popular: service industry, agriculture, industry, with particular attention to the construction industry. Then we discuss the policy emerging from the undeclared work at European, national and regional level, studying in detail the congruence indexes. The second chapter studies the forms of elusion of contracts and improper use of flexibility, focusing on some types easier to be eluded: internship, term contract, apprenticeship, temporary work, project work, job on-call, part-time, occasional work, VAT, joint venture and co-operatives. The third chapter describes the evolution of legislation that regulates supervisory in the workplace, by L. 1361/1912 to D.L. 76/2013, c.d. “Job Policies”, highlighting the most important regulations that have had a direct impact in the inspective activity. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we describe the organization of supervision in Italy compared to other countries such as France, Germany and Britain. Then, we analyze the principal instruments used by labor inspectors to combat illegal employment and the means available to the companies to defend against inspections.