Effect of rectilinear imperfections, pin friction and wear ring stiffness on hydraulic actuators bending behavior

Hydraulic actuators are typically designed by obtaining the critical load by Euler’sinstability theory,considering the component as an ideal beam.This assumption leads to unjustified reduced design compressive loads.Advanced numerical models include further effects,such as the rodand cylinder proper inertias,friction and geometric tolerances.In the present work, these contributions are integrated in a single mathematical formulation.The hyperstatic nature of the interface between the piston and the cylinder is investigated.The proposed relations are validated against an experimenta lsetup.The thus obtained numerical model allows to study the sensitivity of the bending stresses to the design parameters.