Like all genres in popular culture, science fiction is defined and built around its formulas. Science fiction stereotypes, endlessly moulded and reshaped by the dynamics of culture, harbour potential contradictions which can be solved by specific training of our critical eye. Attending to the formulaic as a mode of thematic and linguistic articulation means therefore highlighting the ties and the constraints a given culture imposes on its own representations and on the margins of freedom that these representations entail. Science fiction may thus be studied not merely as a fixed and stereotypical consumer good, but also as an ever-changing cluster of conflicting discourses that existed beforehand: a sort of microcosm partaking of the same dynamics and the same fluidity to be found among literary forms, series and diverse systems. This book examines works which rework the motifs of the robot or cyborg at different historical junctures and in different epistemic contexts, tracing a course of transformation which reveals both the firmness and yet the malleability of genre formulas. The book traces the various phases of a gradual process of metamorphosis, going from the archetypal matrix of the science fiction genre (monsters, hybrids, automatons) to the extension of its formulas well beyond its literary boundaries, into the current cultural context (Haraway). The book may therefore be said to proceed along two paths: on the one hand, the path that goes from machine to organism by way of the robot and the android (Čapek, Binder, Asimov, Del Rey, Dickson, Budrys, Williamson, Sheckley, Padgett, Sladek, Anderson, Silverberg); and conversely the path that leads from organisms to machines by way of the cyborg (Wells, Odle, Hamilton, Jones, Siodmack, Smith, Knight, Tiptree, Compton, Ballard, Gibson, Sterling, Dick). The latter ultimately culminates in Philip Dick's notion of the simulacrum from which Baudrillard derives his own theory of hyper-reality. Since stereotypes are pragmatic features quite inseparable from their communicative setting, the book puts together a historical-cultural overview with an analysis of the linguistic strategies at work in the texts and of the margins for negotiation set up in the narrative pact with the reader.

Come tutti i generi popolari, la fantascienza si definisce e si costruisce intorno alle sue formule. La stereotipia fantascientifica, continuamente plasmata e rimodellata dalle dinamiche della cultura, è luogo di potenziali contraddizioni, recuperabili attraverso uno specifico addestramento dello sguardo critico. Soffermarsi sul formulaico come modalità di articolazione tematica e linguistica significa allora porre l’accento sui vincoli e sulle costrizioni che la cultura impone alle proprie rappresentazioni, ma anche sui margini di libertà che esse comportano. La fantascienza può così essere studiata non più solamente come un genere di consumo cristallizzato e stereotipato, ma come aggregazione e trasformazione di discorsi conflittuali pre-esistenti: microcosmo a suo modo partecipe delle stesse dinamiche e della medesima fluidità che caratterizza i rapporti tra forme letterarie, serie e sistemi diversi. Questo volume esamina le opere che rideclinano i motivi del robot e del cyborg in diversi momenti storici e contesti epistemici, osservando un percorso di trasformazione della formula che ne evidenzia, oltre alla solidità, anche la duttilità. Vengono identificate le tappe di un graduale processo metamorfico, dalla matrice archetipica del genere (mostri, ibridi, automi) alla estensione della formula al di fuori dello specifico letterario, nel contesto culturale contemporaneo (Haraway). In questa traiettoria il libro ripercorre due tracciati: da un lato, quello che conduce dalla macchina all'organismo passando per gli stadi del robot e dell'androide (Čapek, Binder, Asimov, Del Rey, Dickson, Budrys, Williamson, Sheckley, Padgett, Sladek, Anderson, Silverberg); dall'altro, quello speculare e inverso, che conduce dall'organismo alla macchina passando attraverso la fase del cyborg, per poi culminare nel simulacro dickiano da cui Baudrillard ha mutuato la sua teoria dell’iperrealtà (Wells, Odle, Hamilton, Jones, Siodmack, Smith, Knight, Tiptree, Compton, Ballard, Gibson, Sterling, Dick). Poiché lo stereotipo è un elemento pragmatico inscindibile dalla comunicazione che lo articola, il volume affianca alla ricognizione storico-culturale l’analisi delle strategie di enunciazione dei testi ovvero dei margini di negoziabilità del patto narrativo proposto al lettore.

(2003). Cyborg e dintorni. Le formule della fantascienza . Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10446/167959

Cyborg e dintorni. Le formule della fantascienza

Guidotti, Francesca
2003-01-01

Abstract

Like all genres in popular culture, science fiction is defined and built around its formulas. Science fiction stereotypes, endlessly moulded and reshaped by the dynamics of culture, harbour potential contradictions which can be solved by specific training of our critical eye. Attending to the formulaic as a mode of thematic and linguistic articulation means therefore highlighting the ties and the constraints a given culture imposes on its own representations and on the margins of freedom that these representations entail. Science fiction may thus be studied not merely as a fixed and stereotypical consumer good, but also as an ever-changing cluster of conflicting discourses that existed beforehand: a sort of microcosm partaking of the same dynamics and the same fluidity to be found among literary forms, series and diverse systems. This book examines works which rework the motifs of the robot or cyborg at different historical junctures and in different epistemic contexts, tracing a course of transformation which reveals both the firmness and yet the malleability of genre formulas. The book traces the various phases of a gradual process of metamorphosis, going from the archetypal matrix of the science fiction genre (monsters, hybrids, automatons) to the extension of its formulas well beyond its literary boundaries, into the current cultural context (Haraway). The book may therefore be said to proceed along two paths: on the one hand, the path that goes from machine to organism by way of the robot and the android (Čapek, Binder, Asimov, Del Rey, Dickson, Budrys, Williamson, Sheckley, Padgett, Sladek, Anderson, Silverberg); and conversely the path that leads from organisms to machines by way of the cyborg (Wells, Odle, Hamilton, Jones, Siodmack, Smith, Knight, Tiptree, Compton, Ballard, Gibson, Sterling, Dick). The latter ultimately culminates in Philip Dick's notion of the simulacrum from which Baudrillard derives his own theory of hyper-reality. Since stereotypes are pragmatic features quite inseparable from their communicative setting, the book puts together a historical-cultural overview with an analysis of the linguistic strategies at work in the texts and of the margins for negotiation set up in the narrative pact with the reader.
2003
Guidotti, Francesca
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