Sense of coherence and social support profiles: Associations with Demographic, wellbeing and Lifestyle Indicators

Background. The salutogenesis theory entails that the ability to use resources such as knowledge, experience, self-esteem, social support for individual’s well-being is more important than the resources themselves. Many studies have focused on isolately Sense of Coherence (SOC) and social support in the context of healthy lifestyle. Still, nothing is known about how these characteristics interact and combine to create new profiles. The present study aimed to evaluate which clusters emerged from the interaction between these factors, and the relationship with other lifestyle variables. This can help better understand the factors behind wellbeing and a healthy lifestyle during stress period, such as pandemic covid-19. Methods. The study involved 1065 subjects (mean age = 44.9 years; SD = 19.6 years; 62,5% women). Latent profile analysis with SOC and social support was applied. External variables, such as socio-demographic, psychological well-being, psychological distress, social capital and lifestyle were assessed. Results. Five groups, each with its own unique combined Sense of coherence and Social Support profile scores, were identified: Low SOC (sense of coherence) (n=337), low Social Support (n=247), low SOC and Social Support (n=113), high SOC and Social Support (n=294), high Social Support (n=74). The Low SOC and Social Support displayed the worst profile: namely higher psychological distress, physical inactivity, lower intake of healthful foods and, psychological, social, and emotional well-being. Discussions. Identifying combined SOC and social support profiles in relation to psychological, social wellbeing and lifestyle is important to better identify and clarify protective factors on which to intervene through tailored programs.