The thesis focuses on the role Argentina assumed in Italian foreign policy from the fall of Mussolini in 1943 to the end of 1949. This period culminated in the Atlantic turning point, which marked a watershed moment in the relationship between the two countries. The analysis was conducted by intertwining three perspectives: the ruling class, diplomacy, and public opinion. This approach fostered a fruitful dialogue between different types of sources, including diplomatic documents, parliamentary records, autobiographical accounts, correspondence from Italian ruling class members, and the Italian press. This method made it possible to reconstruct events that have been largely unexplored by existing historiography on the subject. It moves beyond a sectoral approach and provides a comprehensive analysis of the political, economic, diplomatic, and cultural dimensions of Italo-Argentine relations during a period of significant change for both nations. Italy was entering a new historical phase with the "Republic of the Parties," while Argentina was beginning the era of Peronism. The research documents how the "bonds of blood," which were the result of traditional Italian emigration and were renewed in the post-WWII relaunch, formed the solid cultural foundation for Italy's interests in Argentina. This foundation was built on the notion of "Latinity," which even the post-fascist Italian political class – particularly Alcide De Gasperi – would not replace with the "Western" orientation that culminated in the Atlantic Pact signed in 1949. Despite this cultural alignment, it was not Perón's proposal for a "Third Position" – an alternative to the two Cold War blocs – that solidified bilateral relations with Italy. Instead, Italy's foreign policy began to pivot towards the "Atlantic" perspective as early as the launch of the Marshall Plan in June 1947. A decisive role was played by Argentina's campaign of economic aid for its "Latin sister", from which Italy benefited significantly throughout 1947 and until the actual disbursement of Marshall Plan funds, which began after Italy's "choice of field" for the West on 18th April 1948 elections. The thesis also reconstructs how, on a diplomatic level, the Platense Republic supported the Italian cause on the peace treaty dossier during the Paris Peace Conference of 1946. Between 1948 and 1949, Argentina also backed Italy's request for a revision of the treaty, specifically regarding the allocation of the pre-fascist colonies by the United Nations Conference at Lake Success.
La tesi si concentra sul ruolo assunto dall’Argentina nell’agenda della politica estera italiana in un arco cronologico che va dalla caduta di Mussolini nel 1943 alla fine del 1949, anno della svolta atlantica che ha costituito uno spartiacque nelle relazioni tra i due Paesi. L’analisi è stata condotta seguendo l’intreccio di tre piani di lettura, cioè la classe dirigente, la diplomazia e l’opinione pubblica, così da creare un fecondo dialogo tra diversi tipi di fonti: i documenti diplomatici, gli atti parlamentari, le testimonianze autobiografiche, i carteggi di esponenti della classe dirigente italiana e la stampa italiana. In questo modo è stato possibile ricostruire vicende pressoché inesplorate dalla storiografia esistente sul tema in oggetto, superarne la settorialità e analizzare a tutto tondo i risvolti politici, economici, diplomatici e culturali delle relazioni italo-argentine in un crinale denso di mutamenti per entrambi i Paesi, destinati a vivere una nuova fase storica con la “Repubblica dei partiti” in Italia, da un lato, e il peronismo in Argentina dall’altro. La ricerca documenta come i legami “di sangue”, frutto della tradizionale – e rinnovata nel rilancio del secondo dopoguerra – emigrazione italiana, costituiscano il sostrato culturale, solido e fondante, degli interessi italiani verso l’Argentina, sulla base della nozione di latinità, che neppure la classe politica dell’Italia postfascista – in particolare Alcide De Gasperi – avrebbe sostituito con la direttrice “occidentale” culminata nel Patto Atlantico sottoscritto nel 1949. Nonostante questa sintonia di orizzonte culturale, non fu la proposta peronista di una «Terza Posizione», alternativa a quelle derivanti dai due blocchi della guerra fredda, a consolidare le relazioni bilaterali con l’Italia, la cui politica estera cominciò a incardinarsi sulla prospettiva “atlantica” già a partire dal lancio del piano Marshall nel giugno del 1947. Un ruolo decisivo lo ebbe invece la campagna di aiuti economici promossa dall’Argentina in favore della «sorella latina», che riuscì a beneficiarne largamente ancora per tutto il 1947 e fino all’effettiva erogazione dei fondi Marshall all’indomani della «scelta di campo» occidentale compiuta dall’Italia nelle elezioni del 18 aprile 1948. La tesi ricostruisce, inoltre, come anche sul piano diplomatico la Repubblica platense abbia fornito sostegno alla causa italiana sul dossier del trattato di pace nel corso dei lavori della Conferenza di pace parigina del 1946 e, tra il 1948-1949, sulla sua richiesta di revisione legata all’assegnazione delle colonie prefasciste da parte della Conferenza delle Nazioni Unite di Lake Success.
(2026). La politica estera italiana e l'Argentina nel secondo dopoguerra (1943-1949) . Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/325306 Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.13122/pizzoni-gemma_phd2026-04-14
La politica estera italiana e l'Argentina nel secondo dopoguerra (1943-1949)
PIZZONI, Gemma
2026-04-14
Abstract
The thesis focuses on the role Argentina assumed in Italian foreign policy from the fall of Mussolini in 1943 to the end of 1949. This period culminated in the Atlantic turning point, which marked a watershed moment in the relationship between the two countries. The analysis was conducted by intertwining three perspectives: the ruling class, diplomacy, and public opinion. This approach fostered a fruitful dialogue between different types of sources, including diplomatic documents, parliamentary records, autobiographical accounts, correspondence from Italian ruling class members, and the Italian press. This method made it possible to reconstruct events that have been largely unexplored by existing historiography on the subject. It moves beyond a sectoral approach and provides a comprehensive analysis of the political, economic, diplomatic, and cultural dimensions of Italo-Argentine relations during a period of significant change for both nations. Italy was entering a new historical phase with the "Republic of the Parties," while Argentina was beginning the era of Peronism. The research documents how the "bonds of blood," which were the result of traditional Italian emigration and were renewed in the post-WWII relaunch, formed the solid cultural foundation for Italy's interests in Argentina. This foundation was built on the notion of "Latinity," which even the post-fascist Italian political class – particularly Alcide De Gasperi – would not replace with the "Western" orientation that culminated in the Atlantic Pact signed in 1949. Despite this cultural alignment, it was not Perón's proposal for a "Third Position" – an alternative to the two Cold War blocs – that solidified bilateral relations with Italy. Instead, Italy's foreign policy began to pivot towards the "Atlantic" perspective as early as the launch of the Marshall Plan in June 1947. A decisive role was played by Argentina's campaign of economic aid for its "Latin sister", from which Italy benefited significantly throughout 1947 and until the actual disbursement of Marshall Plan funds, which began after Italy's "choice of field" for the West on 18th April 1948 elections. The thesis also reconstructs how, on a diplomatic level, the Platense Republic supported the Italian cause on the peace treaty dossier during the Paris Peace Conference of 1946. Between 1948 and 1949, Argentina also backed Italy's request for a revision of the treaty, specifically regarding the allocation of the pre-fascist colonies by the United Nations Conference at Lake Success.| File | Dimensione del file | Formato | |
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Tesi PhD Gemma Pizzoni.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi finale Gemma Pizzoni Dottorato SUT XXXVIII ciclo
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