This contribution investigates the concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR) across both healthy aging and clinical contexts, with a particular focus on cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). The research aims, first, to explore the relationships between CR, cognitive functioning, and psychological well-being in healthy older adults, with specific attention to divergent thinking (DT) as a potential proxy of CR; second, to examine the relationships between CR, Motor Reserve (MR), treatment adherence, and health status in patients with CVDs. The first chapter provides a theoretical overview of CR, describing its conceptual evolution, its neuroanatomical and cognitive bases, and the main proxies traditionally used to operationalize it, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities. The second chapter focuses on creative thinking and DT, widely considered a measure of creative potential and increasingly studied as a proxy of CR. An experimental study conducted on healthy older adults examined the effects of a DT training on cognitive functioning and psychological well-being. Results showed improvements in mood state, psychological well-being, and executive cognitive processes, including attention and processing speed. While CR did not significantly influence psychological well-being, it predicted cognitive improvements following the training. The third chapter extends the investigation to clinical populations affected by CVDs, exploring the potential role of CR and MR in psychological well-being, quality of life, and health-related behaviors. A state-of-the-art review highlighted the limited and heterogeneous literature on these constructs in CVD patients. A longitudinal study further examined the relationships between CR, MR, psychological well-being, and self-care behaviors, showing partial associations, particularly between MR and self-acceptance, and suggesting a predictive role of MR in self-care behaviors over time. Overall, although results are not entirely consistent, this contribution highlights the importance of enhancing both cognitive and motor reserve throughout the lifespan. Preventive interventions aimed at strengthening these reserves may contribute to maintaining cognitive and psychological resources in aging and improving health-related outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular disorders.
Il contributo indaga il concetto di Riserva Cognitiva (CR) sia nell’invecchiamento sano sia nei contesti clinici, con particolare attenzione ai disturbi cardiovascolari (CVD). Il presente lavoro si propone, in primo luogo, di esplorare le relazioni tra CR, funzionamento cognitivo e benessere psicologico negli anziani sani, con un’attenzione particolare al pensiero divergente (DT) come possibile indice di CR; in secondo luogo, si propone di esaminare le relazioni tra CR, Riserva Motoria (MR), aderenza al trattamento e stato di salute nei pazienti con CVD. Il primo capitolo fornisce una panoramica teorica della CR, descrivendone l’evoluzione concettuale, le basi neuroanatomiche e cognitive ed i principali indici tradizionalmente utilizzati per operazionalizzarla (come il livello di istruzione, l’occupazione e le attività del tempo libero). Il secondo capitolo si concentra sul pensiero creativo e sul DT, ampiamente considerato una misura del potenziale creativo e sempre più studiato come indice di CR. In particolare, il testo presenta uno studio sperimentale condotto su anziani sani con lo scopo di esaminare gli effetti di un training basato sul DT sul funzionamento cognitivo e sul benessere psicologico. I risultati hanno mostrato miglioramenti nell’umore, nel benessere psicologico e nei processi esecutivi, inclusi attenzione e velocità di elaborazione. Sebbene la CR non influenzi in modo significativo il benessere psicologico, ha un impatto sui miglioramenti cognitivi a seguito del training. Il terzo capitolo estende l’indagine alle popolazioni cliniche affette da disturbi cardiovascolari, esplorando il potenziale ruolo della CR e della MR sul benessere psicologico, sulla qualità della vita e sui comportamenti legati alla salute. Una revisione della letteratura ha evidenziato la scarsità e l’eterogeneità degli studi condotti sui due costrutti nei pazienti con CVD. Uno studio sperimentale longitudinale ha ulteriormente esaminato le relazioni tra CR, MR, benessere psicologico e comportamenti di auto-cura, mostrando associazioni parziali, in particolare tra MR e auto-accettazione, e suggerendo un ruolo predittivo della MR nei comportamenti di auto-cura nel corso del tempo. Nel complesso, sebbene i risultati non siano ancora del tutto solidi, il lavoro condotto evidenzia l’importanza di potenziare sia la riserva cognitiva sia quella motoria nel corso dell’intero arco di vita. Interventi preventivi mirati al potenziamento di tali magazzini possono contribuire a rafforzare le risorse cognitive e psicologiche nell’invecchiamento ed a migliorare la salute negli individui con disturbi cardiovascolari.
(2026). The Role of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive and Psychological Well-being . Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/330825 Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.13122/978-88-97253-47-1
The Role of Cognitive Reserve on Cognitive and Psychological Well-being
Gianni', Jessica
2026-07-13
Abstract
This contribution investigates the concept of Cognitive Reserve (CR) across both healthy aging and clinical contexts, with a particular focus on cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). The research aims, first, to explore the relationships between CR, cognitive functioning, and psychological well-being in healthy older adults, with specific attention to divergent thinking (DT) as a potential proxy of CR; second, to examine the relationships between CR, Motor Reserve (MR), treatment adherence, and health status in patients with CVDs. The first chapter provides a theoretical overview of CR, describing its conceptual evolution, its neuroanatomical and cognitive bases, and the main proxies traditionally used to operationalize it, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities. The second chapter focuses on creative thinking and DT, widely considered a measure of creative potential and increasingly studied as a proxy of CR. An experimental study conducted on healthy older adults examined the effects of a DT training on cognitive functioning and psychological well-being. Results showed improvements in mood state, psychological well-being, and executive cognitive processes, including attention and processing speed. While CR did not significantly influence psychological well-being, it predicted cognitive improvements following the training. The third chapter extends the investigation to clinical populations affected by CVDs, exploring the potential role of CR and MR in psychological well-being, quality of life, and health-related behaviors. A state-of-the-art review highlighted the limited and heterogeneous literature on these constructs in CVD patients. A longitudinal study further examined the relationships between CR, MR, psychological well-being, and self-care behaviors, showing partial associations, particularly between MR and self-acceptance, and suggesting a predictive role of MR in self-care behaviors over time. Overall, although results are not entirely consistent, this contribution highlights the importance of enhancing both cognitive and motor reserve throughout the lifespan. Preventive interventions aimed at strengthening these reserves may contribute to maintaining cognitive and psychological resources in aging and improving health-related outcomes in individuals with cardiovascular disorders.| File | Dimensione del file | Formato | |
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