Experimental investigation of the interaction between showerhead coolant jets and main flow

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the thermal and aerodynamic behavior of coolant ejection at the leading edge of a highly loaded nozzle vane cascade. The leading-edge cooling scheme features four rows of cylindrical holes in a staggered configuration (showerhead). Pressure Sensitive Paints (PSP) technique was used to get the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness distribution, while Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and flow visualizations were used to investigate the mixing process taking place between coolant and main flow. Tests were run at low speed (Ma 2is = 0.2) and low inlet turbulence intensity (Tu 1 = 1.6%). PSP tests were conducted by using N 2 (Density Ratio DR = 1.0) as coolant at variable blowing ratio (BR = 2.0–4.0). Further tests were run by using CO 2 (DR = 1.5) at matching BR and momentum flux ratio (I) in order to investigate the effects of density ratio. The BR = 3.0 injection case was selected for the PIV investigation. Thermal and flow field data consistently show a shift in the position of stagnation line towards the suction side. Jet liftoff close to stagnation and a strong jet to jet as well as jet to mainstream interaction were also observed, resulting in a complex 3D flow characterized by high turbulence levels, with velocity fluctuations as high as 30% of the approaching velocity and with a high degree of anisotropy. No coherent structures were detected, supporting the random nature of mixing process.