Per un diritto dei „cittadini del mondo“. Il pacifismo giuridico kantiano e la garanzia dei diritti umani

Starting with the last century, the intensification of economic exchanges and the increase in mutual relationships and influences between the nations have made it necessary to swiftly develop international law. A rather heated debate on the nature of human rights and the legitimacy of protecting these rights even by means of war intervention has been prompted by the problems arisen in such cases when international organisations, on the basis of “erga omnes” commitments, have gone so far as to violate single nation’s “domestic jurisdictions”. Some remarks from Kant’s political writings may help us in facing this kind of problems. Kant’s depiction of a “Federal World Republic” as a “rational idea” we should aim to, in order to arrive at a condition of enduring peace, represents a possible answer to the questions related to the globalization and world economic integration. In addition to this, the Kantian project of “cosmopolitan right” – namely, a project that credits every human being with the posses of juridical subjectivity and that is limited to conditions of universal hospitality – proves to be definitely relevant for such multi-ethnic and multicultural societies as the ones we live in.