Artificial pancreas under periodic MPC for trajectory tracking: handling circadian variability of insulin sensitivity

Closed-loop glycemic control algorithms have demonstrated the ability to improve glucose regulation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), both in silico and clinical trials. Many of the proposed control strategies have been developed, based on time-invariant linear models, without considering the parametric variations of T1DM subjects. In this work, a pulsatile Zone Model Predictive Control (pZMPC) is proposed, which explicitly considers patterns of intra-day insulin sensitivity (SI), according to the latest updates of the FDA-approved UVA/Padova simulator. Results show a significant improvement in the performance, which a-priori justifies the increment in the controller complexity.