The experience wisth the totalitarian regimes in the 20th century has stimulated a reflection on the essence of man and on the directional meaning of history, which decisively questioned the common definition of „animal rationale“ and the concept that the course of time, developed during the Enlightenment, is an irreversible and disenchanting progress. Thinkers such Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse and Heidegger have pointed out that the kind of reason, which has prevailed in Western history, can be defined as a capacity of calculation at the service of technology, since it has alienated man from himself and deprived the world of its deepest value. Starting from these considerations, Gadamer develops a conception of the myth considering it as an expression of the most profound self-understanding of man, thanks to which those who hand down mythical stories “recognize” themselves as belonging to a tradition that co-constitutes their own being and determines the “historical” truth of their world. In view of Gadamer’s concept of the myth as a reasonable configuration of “life force” which essentially mates with logos and hints at something higher and more encompassing than the mere human nature, man could be redefined as the entity that “ex-sists”: the one who essentially relies on the multidimensional being of itself and of the others through a meaningful, productive dialogue.
L’esperienza dei totalitarismi del XX secolo ha dato vita a un dibattito sull’essenza dell’uomo e sulla direzione della sua storia, in cui sono state messe in questione la definizione comune dell’essere umano in quanto “animal rationale” e la spiegazione illuministica della storia come un progresso irreversibile e demitizzante. Pensatori come Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse e Heidegger hanno rilevato che la ragione, nella tradizione occidentale, si è sviluppata come una facoltà calcolante al servizio della tecnica, che ha alienato l’uomo e svuotato il mondo del suo valore intrinseco. Collegandosi a queste riflessioni, Gadamer elabora la sua concezione del mito in quanto espressione dell’autocomprensione profonda di un uomo che si sa appartenere a una tradizione, la quale costituisce l’essere umano stesso e la verità “storica” del suo mondo. Secondo Gadamer il mito va compreso come una configurazione razionale della “forza vitale”, che si coappartiene al logos e che va colta nella sua relazione originaria con qualcosa di ulteriore che la ricomprende. L’uomo si mostra così come colui che “ex-siste” e che è rimesso a un rapporto dialogico con l’essere poliedrico di se stesso e degli altri, da cui si origina il senso.
(2022). Die Wahrheit von Mythos und Logos: Gadamer und die Debatte um die Vernünftigkeit des Menschen [journal article - articolo]. In PERSPEKTIVEN DER PHILOSOPHIE. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/233564
Die Wahrheit von Mythos und Logos: Gadamer und die Debatte um die Vernünftigkeit des Menschen
Marafioti, Rosa Maria
2022-01-01
Abstract
The experience wisth the totalitarian regimes in the 20th century has stimulated a reflection on the essence of man and on the directional meaning of history, which decisively questioned the common definition of „animal rationale“ and the concept that the course of time, developed during the Enlightenment, is an irreversible and disenchanting progress. Thinkers such Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse and Heidegger have pointed out that the kind of reason, which has prevailed in Western history, can be defined as a capacity of calculation at the service of technology, since it has alienated man from himself and deprived the world of its deepest value. Starting from these considerations, Gadamer develops a conception of the myth considering it as an expression of the most profound self-understanding of man, thanks to which those who hand down mythical stories “recognize” themselves as belonging to a tradition that co-constitutes their own being and determines the “historical” truth of their world. In view of Gadamer’s concept of the myth as a reasonable configuration of “life force” which essentially mates with logos and hints at something higher and more encompassing than the mere human nature, man could be redefined as the entity that “ex-sists”: the one who essentially relies on the multidimensional being of itself and of the others through a meaningful, productive dialogue.File | Dimensione del file | Formato | |
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Mythos und Logos bei Gadamer-caricabile.pdf
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Descrizione: This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Brill in Perspektiven der Philosophie Perspektiven der Philosophie, Neues Jahrbuch. Band 48 – 2022, available online: https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/63627
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