This thesis takes the form of a narratological study of Janusz Korczak's literary production. The structure of our work involves three moments: we will start with a brief history of the reader, setting out the main theoretical models that have emerged over the course of the twentieth century, beginning with Russian formalism and ending with recent reader-oriented interpretative theories. The central part of the thesis will be devoted to the study of selected short stories and novels by Janusz Korczak from a narratological perspective. Our idea is that the short stories and novels written by the Polish author start from personal reflections developed from his experience as a pediatrician, child psychologist and educator and then develop according to the rules proper to the world of literary fiction, mixing the real and the lived with the fictional and the imagined. It is our hypothesis that Korczak resorts to specific narrative techniques - role reversal, the effect of estrangement, first-person narrative in the form of a diary - in order to achieve a text that pushes the reader toward certain social reflections but without ever forcing the interpretation. We intend to develop this part of the analysis in 3 chapters, each of which will address a specific narrative strategy and will be structured starting from the study of how it is constructed, going through the identification of its function and ending with a reflection on the impact we expect it to have on the reader. In the last chapter, also intended as a concluding moment, we will attempt to draw conclusions from what emerged at the time of textual analysis in order to gather the educational content that can be detected from reading Korczak's narrative production. The study will be conducted from the direct analysis of the selected texts. Within the framework of a narratological perspective, we will mainly refer to the theoretical model proposed by Umberto Eco, enriched by more recent insights that - we believe - we have not erased, but rather reworked the old paradigm within new categories, enhancing it, thus operating a synthesis between the old and the new - where it proves possible - in an attempt to propose a dynamic and original analysis.

La presente tesi si configura nel complesso come uno studio narratologico sulla produzione letteraria di Janusz Korczak. La struttura del nostro lavoro prevede tre momenti: partiremo da una breve storia del lettore, esponendone i principali modelli teorici che si sono venuti a delineare nel corso del Novecento, partendo dal formalismo russo per arrivare alle recenti teorie interpretative reader-oriented. La parte centrale della tesi sarà dedicata allo studio di racconti e romanzi scelti di Janusz Korczak in prospettiva narratologica. La nostra idea è che i racconti e i romanzi scritti dall’autore polacco partano da riflessioni personali sviluppate a partire dalla sua esperienza di pediatra, psicologo infantile ed educatore (del resto, come diceva Brzozowski, la cui filosofia era molto cara a Korczak, «ciò che non è biografia, semplicemente non è») per svilupparsi poi secondo le regole proprie del mondo della finzione letteraria, mescolando il reale e il vissuto al fittizio e all’immaginato. È nostra ipotesi che Korczak faccia ricorso a tecniche narrative specifiche – l’inversione dei ruoli, l’effetto di straniamento, il racconto in prima persona sotto forma di diario –per ottenere un testo che spinga il lettore verso determinate riflessioni sociali ma senza mai forzarne l’interpretazione. Intendiamo sviluppare questa parte di analisi in 3 capitoli, ognuno dei quali affronterà una specifica strategia narrativa e sarà strutturato partendo dallo studio delle modalità di costruzione della stessa, passando attraverso l’individuazione della relativa funzione e terminando con una riflessione sull’impatto che ci aspettiamo sortisca sul lettore. Nell’ultimo capitolo, inteso anche come momento conclusivo, tenteremo di tirare le somme da quanto emerso nel momento dell’analisi testuale per raccogliere i contenuti educativi che possono essere rilevati dalla lettura della produzione narrativa di Korczak. Lo studio verrà condotto a partire dall’analisi diretta dei testi selezionati. Nell’ambito di una prospettiva narratologica, faremo riferimento principalmente al modello teorico proposto da Umberto Eco, arricchito da intuizioni più recenti che – riteniamo – non abbiam cancellato, bensì rielaborato il vecchio paradigma all’interno di nuove categorie, valorizzandolo, operando così una sintesi tra il vecchio e il nuovo – laddove si dimostri possibile – nel tentativo di proporre un’analisi dinamica e originale.

(2023). Strutture narrative e strategie testuali nella produzione letteraria di Janusz Korczak . Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/240850 Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.13122/fratangelo-francesca_phd2023-03-24

Strutture narrative e strategie testuali nella produzione letteraria di Janusz Korczak

FRATANGELO, Francesca
2023-03-24

Abstract

This thesis takes the form of a narratological study of Janusz Korczak's literary production. The structure of our work involves three moments: we will start with a brief history of the reader, setting out the main theoretical models that have emerged over the course of the twentieth century, beginning with Russian formalism and ending with recent reader-oriented interpretative theories. The central part of the thesis will be devoted to the study of selected short stories and novels by Janusz Korczak from a narratological perspective. Our idea is that the short stories and novels written by the Polish author start from personal reflections developed from his experience as a pediatrician, child psychologist and educator and then develop according to the rules proper to the world of literary fiction, mixing the real and the lived with the fictional and the imagined. It is our hypothesis that Korczak resorts to specific narrative techniques - role reversal, the effect of estrangement, first-person narrative in the form of a diary - in order to achieve a text that pushes the reader toward certain social reflections but without ever forcing the interpretation. We intend to develop this part of the analysis in 3 chapters, each of which will address a specific narrative strategy and will be structured starting from the study of how it is constructed, going through the identification of its function and ending with a reflection on the impact we expect it to have on the reader. In the last chapter, also intended as a concluding moment, we will attempt to draw conclusions from what emerged at the time of textual analysis in order to gather the educational content that can be detected from reading Korczak's narrative production. The study will be conducted from the direct analysis of the selected texts. Within the framework of a narratological perspective, we will mainly refer to the theoretical model proposed by Umberto Eco, enriched by more recent insights that - we believe - we have not erased, but rather reworked the old paradigm within new categories, enhancing it, thus operating a synthesis between the old and the new - where it proves possible - in an attempt to propose a dynamic and original analysis.
24-mar-2023
35
2021/2022
FORMAZIONE DELLA PERSONA E MERCATO DEL LAVORO
POTESTIO, Andrea
Fratangelo, Francesca
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