Costruire la giustizia internazionale. Alle origini delle organizzazioni giudiziarie internazionali: temi e problemi

How can we talk about the origins of international justice? The long process of building international judicial organizations may be rooted in the strengthening of projects of international judicial institutions and in the politica! interaction among element of the European (and American) society, such as intellectuals, lawyers, as well as politica! and «pacifìst» groups. This interaction was consolidated in the struggle aver support for the •introduction of compulsory international arbitration in peaceful conflict resolution between states. During the 19th century, arbitration was to become an arena of dialogue in the fìeld of international politics among politicians, diplomats, and western governments up to The Hague conferences of 1899 and 1907, which established the fìrst international court of arbitration and the lnternational Prize Court. Napoleon's exile to the island of St. Helena, imposed by the European powers, and the atrocities of the bloody conflict in the Austrian part of Italy, as well as the Franco-Prussian war did not influence the forms of international justice, at least unti! World War I, but the slow and complex introduction of policy and diplomatic «devices» for the peaceful resolution of disputes between states and the changes in international relations of the late 19th century. Then, World War I transformed the generai framework and the Allied powers attempted to impeach a monarch for the fìrst time in European history.