A systematic review and meta-analysis on decision making abilities under risk and ambiguity in adults with TBI: what do we know so far? The possibile role of proactive inhibition.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socio-economic problem since it is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. TBI patients usually show highly heterogeneous clinical features, including both cognitive and emotional/behavioral alterations. As it specifically concerns cognitive functioning, these patients usually show attentional-executive alterations and, among them, usually exhibit decision-making (DM) deficits. DM is universally considered a complex and multistep process that is strictly linked to both hot and cold executive functions. However, the results are often controversial, with some studies that report huge alterations in the DM processes of TBI patients, while others do not. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to integrate past literature on this topic.