The history of the introduction and development of Anthropology in Vietnam crosses and encompasses the history of the twentieth century in a surprising way. Starting from colonial history, then referring to Southeast Asia which is a much larger region that does not overlap, rather includes the present Socialist Republic of Vietnam, then passing through the World Wars times, decolonization, and the Cold War, Vietnam is placed at the center of a complex trajectory of cultural narratives. The patterns adopted by Vietnam to develop its own political representations and ethnographic self-representations are difficult to trace back according to a single and linear history. The research on the sources of this chapter includes material archives of the cultural institutions founded in colonial times in French Indochina, a period in which anthropology overlaps and intersects with archaeology; in a second phase, sources collect and include the testimonies of the first Vietnamese anthropologists who, although trained in French school, took a great distance from the main nationalist character, particularly in the period of the Indochina War; sources then include the divergent and highly politicized narratives produced during the two decades of the country's division (1955-1975), a complex legacy to reconstruct due to the objective decrease in anthropological research, and the scarcity of digital sources relating to the ethnography of the Soviet period reporting in specific about Northern Vietnam. In all these historical phases, Vietnamese anthropology struggles to assume an independent status, at least at an institutional level, but rarely it evolves from a purely ethnographic-descriptive study. Finally, the contemporary scenario is introduced, in which it is possible to identify a real boom in Vietnamese anthropology thanks to the opening of degree courses, research doctorates, dedicated departments and new ethnographic museums. Such thriving phase indicates the recognition of anthropology as a discipline not only targeted at censusing the many ethnic and linguistic varieties of the country, but rather as a form of knowledge necessary to promote environmental protection, touristic valorisation, and the reconstruction of a complex national history.

La storia dell’introduzione e dello sviluppo dell’Antropologia in Vietnam attraversa e racchiude in sé la storia del Novecento in modo sorprendente. A partire da una vicenda coloniale di cui è protagonista il Sud-est asiatico, una regione ben più vasta che non coincide ma piuttosto comprende la Repubblica Socialista del Vietnam, passando attraverso le guerre mondiali, la decolonizzazione e la Guerra fredda, il Vietnam si trova al centro di una traiettoria complessa di narrazioni culturali, rappresentazioni politiche e autorappresentazioni etnografiche difficili da ricondurre a un’unica e lineare storia. Il lavoro sulle fonti di questo capitolo comprende gli archivi dei diversi istituti culturali fondati in epoca coloniale dalla Francia in Indocina, un periodo in cui l’antropologia si sovrappone e si affianca all’archeologia; raccoglie poi le testimonianze dei primi antropologi vietnamiti che, sebbene cresciuti alla scuola francese, si smarcano in funzione nazionalista nel periodo della Guerra di Indocina; comprende le narrazioni divergenti e fortemente politicizzate dei due decenni della divisione del paese (1955-1975), un periodo complesso da ricostruire per l’oggettiva diminuzione della ricerca antropologica e per la scarsità delle fonti digitali relative all’etnografia del periodo sovietico. In tutte queste fasi l’antropologia fatica ad assumere uno statuto indipendente dalla storia, almeno a livello istituzionale, e raramente si evolve da uno studio di tipo etnografico-descrittivo. Infine si introduce lo scenario contemporaneo, in cui è possibile parlare di un vero e proprio boom dell’antropologia vietnamita grazie all’apertura di corsi di laurea, dottorati di ricerca, dipartimenti dedicati e nuovi musei etnografici, che indicano il riconoscimento dell’antropologia come disciplina non solo utile a censire le (moltissime) varietà etniche e linguistiche del paese, ma anche come conoscenza necessaria alla salvaguardia ambientale, alla valorizzazione turistica, alla ricostruzione di una storia articolata di sé.

(2023). The Diverse Accounts of Anthropology in Viet Nam . Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/273051

The Diverse Accounts of Anthropology in Viet Nam

Bougleux, Elena
2023-01-01

Abstract

The history of the introduction and development of Anthropology in Vietnam crosses and encompasses the history of the twentieth century in a surprising way. Starting from colonial history, then referring to Southeast Asia which is a much larger region that does not overlap, rather includes the present Socialist Republic of Vietnam, then passing through the World Wars times, decolonization, and the Cold War, Vietnam is placed at the center of a complex trajectory of cultural narratives. The patterns adopted by Vietnam to develop its own political representations and ethnographic self-representations are difficult to trace back according to a single and linear history. The research on the sources of this chapter includes material archives of the cultural institutions founded in colonial times in French Indochina, a period in which anthropology overlaps and intersects with archaeology; in a second phase, sources collect and include the testimonies of the first Vietnamese anthropologists who, although trained in French school, took a great distance from the main nationalist character, particularly in the period of the Indochina War; sources then include the divergent and highly politicized narratives produced during the two decades of the country's division (1955-1975), a complex legacy to reconstruct due to the objective decrease in anthropological research, and the scarcity of digital sources relating to the ethnography of the Soviet period reporting in specific about Northern Vietnam. In all these historical phases, Vietnamese anthropology struggles to assume an independent status, at least at an institutional level, but rarely it evolves from a purely ethnographic-descriptive study. Finally, the contemporary scenario is introduced, in which it is possible to identify a real boom in Vietnamese anthropology thanks to the opening of degree courses, research doctorates, dedicated departments and new ethnographic museums. Such thriving phase indicates the recognition of anthropology as a discipline not only targeted at censusing the many ethnic and linguistic varieties of the country, but rather as a form of knowledge necessary to promote environmental protection, touristic valorisation, and the reconstruction of a complex national history.
2023
Bougleux, Elena
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