Optimizing sustainable and renewable energy portfolios using a fuzzy interval goal programming approach

Determining the most sustainable renewable energy (RE) source portfolio that meets decision-maker preferences is a complicated and uncertain multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The RE selection process involves meeting decision-makers’ (DMs) preferences wherein several conflicting criteria are present, such as environmental, societal, and economic. Fuzzy goal programming (FGP) is one of the most well-known techniques for dealing with uncertainty existing in MCDM problems. However, conventional FGP techniques suppose only one single coefficient (or parameter) for each decision variable. This paper proposes a novel multi-objective decision-making model called fuzzy interval goal programming (FIGP) to release the restrictions of FGP with single-coefficient modeling. The proposed model can formulate an interval coefficient for each decision variable. To formulate such a model, this study adopts the concept of multi-choice aspiration levels (MCALs) from the revised multi-choice g...