This chapter offers a systematic and critically oriented analysis of the legal framework governing usury in banking contracts. After outlining the historical development of anti-usury legislation, particular attention is paid to the impact of the 1996 reform and to the scope and legal implications of the partial nullity prescribed by Article 1815, paragraph 2, of the Italian Civil Code. The study examines the notion of concrete usury, its practical consequences within financial relationships, and the available remedial tools. These include the relationship between criminal usury and civil law remedies such as rescission, virtual nullity, and claims for damages. The chapter also addresses the timing for assessing the usurious nature of interest rates, emphasizing the legal irrelevance of supervening usury and the role of so-called “safeguard clauses.” From a technical standpoint, the work investigates the structure and function of the TEGM (Average Global Effective Rate), the principle of comprehensiveness regarding chargeable costs, and the role of the margin between the TEGM and the usury threshold rate. It critically examines the rationale for this differential and the controversial “principle of symmetry.” Particular consideration is given to whether insurance policies should be included in the effective cost of credit (TEG), and the interpretive challenges this raises. The final sections address the application of anti-usury rules to default interest rates (interessi moratori), offering a comparative review of case law and academic interpretations. The concluding reflections call for a broader reconsideration of the current anti-usury legal framework in light of ongoing interpretative uncertainties and its economic impact on the credit market.

Il presente contributo ricostruisce, con approccio sistematico e in prospettiva critica, l’evoluzione normativa e applicativa della disciplina dell’usura nei contratti bancari. Dopo una rassegna dello sviluppo storico della normativa, l’analisi si concentra sugli effetti della riforma introdotta dal legislatore del 1996 e sulla portata della nullità parziale necessaria ex art. 1815, comma 2, c.c., evidenziandone l’inquadramento teorico e le implicazioni sul piano operativo. Ampio spazio è dedicato al fenomeno dell’usura in concreto, alle ricadute pratiche nei rapporti di credito e al sistema di rimedi esperibili, incluse le connessioni tra il reato di usura e gli strumenti civilistici della rescissione, della nullità virtuale e del risarcimento del danno. Viene inoltre esaminato il momento rilevante per la valutazione del tasso usurario, con particolare attenzione all’irrilevanza dell’usura sopravvenuta e all’efficacia delle c.d. “clausole di salvaguardia”. Sul piano tecnico, il lavoro approfondisce la struttura del TEGM, il principio di onnicomprensività degli oneri rilevanti, la relazione tra TEGM e tasso soglia, nonché la ratio dell’intervallo di maggiorazione previsto dalla Banca d’Italia e il dibattuto principio di simmetria. Specifici rilievi sono riservati alla questione dell’inclusione delle polizze assicurative nel TEG, con riferimento ai riflessi sul costo complessivo del credito. Infine, viene affrontato il tema particolarmente controverso dell’applicabilità della disciplina antiusura agli interessi moratori, con un confronto ragionato tra orientamenti dottrinali e giurisprudenziali. Le riflessioni conclusive sollecitano una rimeditazione complessiva del sistema normativo vigente, alla luce delle persistenti incertezze interpretative e delle implicazioni economiche sul mercato del credito.

(2025). L'usura . Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/302766

L'usura

Nocera, Ivan Libero
2025-01-01

Abstract

This chapter offers a systematic and critically oriented analysis of the legal framework governing usury in banking contracts. After outlining the historical development of anti-usury legislation, particular attention is paid to the impact of the 1996 reform and to the scope and legal implications of the partial nullity prescribed by Article 1815, paragraph 2, of the Italian Civil Code. The study examines the notion of concrete usury, its practical consequences within financial relationships, and the available remedial tools. These include the relationship between criminal usury and civil law remedies such as rescission, virtual nullity, and claims for damages. The chapter also addresses the timing for assessing the usurious nature of interest rates, emphasizing the legal irrelevance of supervening usury and the role of so-called “safeguard clauses.” From a technical standpoint, the work investigates the structure and function of the TEGM (Average Global Effective Rate), the principle of comprehensiveness regarding chargeable costs, and the role of the margin between the TEGM and the usury threshold rate. It critically examines the rationale for this differential and the controversial “principle of symmetry.” Particular consideration is given to whether insurance policies should be included in the effective cost of credit (TEG), and the interpretive challenges this raises. The final sections address the application of anti-usury rules to default interest rates (interessi moratori), offering a comparative review of case law and academic interpretations. The concluding reflections call for a broader reconsideration of the current anti-usury legal framework in light of ongoing interpretative uncertainties and its economic impact on the credit market.
2025
Nocera, Ivan Libero
File allegato/i alla scheda:
File Dimensione del file Formato  
Nocera_ Usura.pdf

Solo gestori di archivio

Versione: publisher's version - versione editoriale
Licenza: Licenza default Aisberg
Dimensione del file 683.83 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
683.83 kB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri
Pubblicazioni consigliate

Aisberg ©2008 Servizi bibliotecari, Università degli studi di Bergamo | Terms of use/Condizioni di utilizzo

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/10446/302766
Citazioni
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact