Integrated Planning of the Electricity-Gas-Water Nexus for Smart City Infrastructure

This paper investigates the long-term energy system planning of integrated power-gas-water distribution networks of a smart city within the energy-water nexus framework. By leveraging synergies between electricity, gas, and water systems, the proposed approach aims to ensure sustainable and reliable satisfaction of future energy and water demands. The planning problem focuses on the optimal siting and sizing of energy infrastructures within the power distribution network, while accounting for the technical, operational, and financial constraints of the three interconnected networks. A coordinated optimization framework is developed to evaluate infrastructure deployment strategies that balance cost efficiency, network reliability, and resource sustainability. The results demonstrate that integrated planning not only improves operational flexibility and reduces total system costs but also enhances resilience against demand fluctuations and supply uncertainties. The findings highlight the importance of cross-sectoral coordination in supporting sustainable infrastructure investment decisions for future energy and water systems.