Development of a Subject-Specific Finite Element Framework for the Ankle Based on Gait Analysis

Ankle injuries are common due to the joint’s role in weight-bearing and dynamic motion. Finite element method (FEM) has become a valuable tool for understanding joint biomechanics and planning clinical interventions. However, many existing models are limited by static simulations, simplified geometry, or generalised approaches that do not focus specifically on the talus-tibial joint. This study presents a subject-specific FEM framework of the ankle, integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gait data from a healthy 49-year-old male. The tibia and talus were reconstructed from MRI and cartilages were modeled using a custom method to compensate for limitations in image resolution. Kinematic data was collected using the Xsens motion capture system and applied to a dynamic FEM developed in Abaqus. The model yielded contact pressures between 1.2 and 21.8 MPa and maximum von Mises stresses up to 5.7 MPa. The stress distribution was predominantly lateral, consistent with known biomechanical patterns. This framework allows realistic simulation of ankle mechanics and provides a basis for assessment of pathological conditions and surgical planning. Future work will incorporate ground reaction force data to further improve the physiological accuracy of the simulations.