Le ricerche archeologiche presso il Dos del Castel a Teglio, Valtellina (SO): dalle indagini preliminari non invasive alle campagne di scavo 2022-2023

Archaeological investigations at Dos del Castel in Teglio (SO) started in 2021 with an initial research permit for non-invasive surveys. The project continued between 2022 and 2023 with an archaeological excavation. The site, renowned for its habitation spanning from pre/proto-history to the Middle Ages, underwent initial exploration through a series of tests aimed at assessing its archaeological potential. Subsequently, an extensive archaeological excavation took place, particularly in the area south of the castle tower. In this zone, numerous structures relevant to various phases of medieval occupation of the site were unearthed. The earliest phase, dating back to the 11th-12th century, featured relatively fragile structures, likely constructed from perishable materials, developed around the tower. Later, between the mid-13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, the initial structures were supplanted by a series of buildings, some of which were residential, constructed with stone walls and lime mortar. This period of architectural vitality within the castle is attributed to the armed conflicts that characterised the Valtellina region during this time. The discovered structures were likely intended to house the castle's military garrisons. With minor modifications and changes, these buildings remained in use throughout the 15th century, until the probable abandonment of the site in the course of the 16th century. The military nature of the site is corroborated by the material culture unearthed during the excavations, especially from the earthen floors of the buildings. Numerous iron objects related to weaponry (arrowheads, crossbow points, knives) and elements of military attire (chainmail, plate armor components) were discovered.