The Porta di San Lorenzo of the Fortezza di Bergamo offers an exemplary case for the recovery of memory in military architecture, where the loss of timber and mechanical components has made the original defensive machine only partly legible. Within the broader field of studies on early modern fortification and the Venetian walls, the research adopts drawing as a cognitive tool for relating treatise, design document, 3D survey, digital model and material traces. The methodology combines historical-documentary analysis, a geometric and proportional reading of Francesco Tensini’s treatise, a multi-LLM benchmark for the controlled extraction of entities, measurements and relations, critical validation of the outputs, and Scan-to-BIM modelling of the current state. The comparison between the theoretical model, the 1627 design and the as-built condition makes it possible to identify invariants, adaptations and deviations: the gate emerges as a sequential machine based on thresholds, filters, vertical defence and a metric grammar, but recalibrated by topography, pre-existing structures and construction processes. The outcome is not an arbitrary virtual reconstruction, but a verifiable system of relations in which absence becomes subject to metric and interpretative control. The study shows that the integration of representation, digital survey and AI-assisted analysis can make the transition from historical source to built fabric explicit, measurable and traceable.
La Porta di San Lorenzo della Fortezza di Bergamo costituisce un caso emblematico per il recupero della memoria nelle architetture militari, dove la perdita degli elementi lignei e meccanici rende oggi parzialmente illeggibile la macchina difensiva originaria. Entro il quadro degli studi sulla fortificazione alla moderna e sulle mura veneziane, la ricerca assume il Disegno come dispositivo conoscitivo per mettere in relazione trattato, progetto, rilievo 3D, modello digitale e tracce materiali. La metodologia integra analisi storico-documentaria, lettura geometrico-proporzionale del trattato di Francesco Tensini, benchmark multi-LLM per l’estrazione controllata di entità, misure e relazioni, verifica critica degli output e modellazione Scan-to-BIM dello stato attuale. Il confronto tra modello teorico, progetto del 1627 e as-built consente di distinguere invarianti, adattamenti e scarti: la porta emerge come macchina sequenziale fondata su soglie, filtri, difesa verticale e grammatica metrica, ma ricalibrata dalle condizioni topografiche, dalle preesistenze e dalle trasformazioni di cantiere. Il risultato non è una ricostruzione virtuale arbitraria, bensì un sistema verificabile di relazioni, nel quale l’assenza diventa oggetto di controllo metrico e interpretativo. La ricerca dimostra che l’integrazione tra rappresentazione, rilievo digitale e analisi assistita da IA può rendere esplicito e ripercorribile il passaggio dalla fonte storica alla fabbrica costruita.
(2026). La Porta di San Lorenzo tra regola e fabbrica: rilievo, geometria e IA nella Fortezza di Bergamo / The Porta di San Lorenzo between Rule and Construction: Survey, Geometry and AI in Bergamo Fortress . Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10446/335965
La Porta di San Lorenzo tra regola e fabbrica: rilievo, geometria e IA nella Fortezza di Bergamo / The Porta di San Lorenzo between Rule and Construction: Survey, Geometry and AI in Bergamo Fortress
Alessio, Cardaci;Pietro, Azzola;Gabriele, Daleffe
2026-01-01
Abstract
The Porta di San Lorenzo of the Fortezza di Bergamo offers an exemplary case for the recovery of memory in military architecture, where the loss of timber and mechanical components has made the original defensive machine only partly legible. Within the broader field of studies on early modern fortification and the Venetian walls, the research adopts drawing as a cognitive tool for relating treatise, design document, 3D survey, digital model and material traces. The methodology combines historical-documentary analysis, a geometric and proportional reading of Francesco Tensini’s treatise, a multi-LLM benchmark for the controlled extraction of entities, measurements and relations, critical validation of the outputs, and Scan-to-BIM modelling of the current state. The comparison between the theoretical model, the 1627 design and the as-built condition makes it possible to identify invariants, adaptations and deviations: the gate emerges as a sequential machine based on thresholds, filters, vertical defence and a metric grammar, but recalibrated by topography, pre-existing structures and construction processes. The outcome is not an arbitrary virtual reconstruction, but a verifiable system of relations in which absence becomes subject to metric and interpretative control. The study shows that the integration of representation, digital survey and AI-assisted analysis can make the transition from historical source to built fabric explicit, measurable and traceable.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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